to add to what eric said, another serendipitous aspect of the pearl harbor attack was that none of our aircraft carriers were at port, and we lost many of our battleships to air action, thus beginning the change of opinion in military circles (for the better) that the battleship had gone the way of the ironclad, and that this war, and those following would be won not by who had the biggest guns, but by who had the ability to project power over the furthest distance. (i.e., airpower)
this is one of my favorite subjects, btw. wwII, and specifically, the naval war in the pacific.