Lots of choices out there. I'd probably go with .308 for starters as well. I'd also go with a bolt gun. Why? I feel you'll concentrate better on making the shot, versus just lobbing lead down range. Also, you'll find you don't shoot as much ammo, making it cheaper, plus, you're making the shots you do make, count.
A couple things to note:
1. You're going to need a scope. Budget for it. A good rule of thumb I've always heard is plan on spending ATLEAST what you spent on your gun, on a scope/base/rings setup. Why? A good gun won't do you a damn bit of good if you can't see what you're aiming for. Leupold is probably where I'd start looking. U.S. optics, S&B, etc, if you REALLY want to spend some money. Decent leupolds can be had for probably $500+, depending on what you get.
2. Ammo. Don't skimp here. Inconsistent ammo = inconsistent shots. Federal Gold Metal Match seems to be the factory round of choice for .308 distance shooting. Precision reloading if you're really serious.
As for guns, well, that's personal preference. Again, I'm not a fan of telling someone to 'buy this gun.' Find what you like and roll with it.
Remington 700P and Savage 10FP would probably be MY two choices for starter .308s. They're decently priced, and upgradable (the Remington having more aftermarket).
P.S. There are better 1911s than Kimber for the $$$.
P.S.S Going to find a badass article I found earlier on practical distance shooting. BRB.