Alot of bikes won't run without the battery attached for very long simply for the point that you can idle your battery to the point of being dead(at idle the engine saps more energy than the alternator can put into the battery).
As for your second question, if you're caught with no endorcement the bike is impounded there on the spot. As for learners permit on the hwy, after dark, etc, by the book the cop is suppose to impound the bike and give you a ticket, though depending on your record, how you act towards the cop, what you're riding, what you were pulled over for, what you're wearing(fully geared as opposed to a t-shirt and shorts), they may let you off. If you get pulled over with a permit and no helmet though most Ohio cops will be very quick to impound the bike.